Life Cycle Assessment of Cocoa Products in Vietnam

Abstract

Vietnam is emerging as a potential powerhouse in the cocoa industry, especially in the Central Highland and Southeastern Regions. The development of the cocoa industry not only aims to diversify agricultural export products but also aligns with the goals of sustainable economic development and greenhouse gas emission reduction to combat climate change in Vietnam. One of the key factors in establishing a sustainable development direction for the cocoa industry is minimizing its environmental footprint throughout the cocoa supply chain. This study addresses issues such as the use of chemicals, resource inefficiency, waste management, and the enhancement of supply chain management. The methodology employed for this purpose is life cycle assessment (LCA), which evaluates environmental impact indicators and explores pathways for technical improvements and supply chain management solutions within the cocoa industry. The results of the LCA shed light on the impact of the energy structure, agricultural practices, and transportation on various environmental indicators. The recommendations generated from these findings include the integration of renewable energy sources, inter-cropping practices, composting, activated carbon production, and efficient water utilization. Additionally, circular approaches are suggested for the utilization of cocoa pod husks and the optimization of collection centers. The findings not only highlight the significant role of agricultural production, energy use, and transportation in the environmental impacts of cocoa production but also underscore the opportunities for reducing these impacts through innovative practices and sustainable approaches.