Legal framework for municipal solid waste management: Practical implementation in Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province

Abstract

The management of municipal solid waste is a pressing environmental challenge in Biên Hòa, Đồng Nai. This study examines the legal framework for MSW management at national and local levels, identifying gaps that hinder effective implementation. Understanding these challenges is crucial for improving waste management practices and ensuring environmental sustainability. The research addresses inconsistencies between national policies and local enforcement, leading to inefficiencies in waste segregation, collection, and treatment. Despite regulations mandating waste classification, public compliance remains low, and infrastructure is inadequate. This study evaluates existing policies and proposes solutions to bridge these gaps. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes legal documents, including the Law on Environmental Protection 2020 and local regulations. A comparative analysis of international models provides insights, while expert interviews offer practical perspectives. Findings reveal that weak enforcement, financial constraints, and limited public awareness hinder effective MSW management. International best practices emphasize policy integration, investment in technology, and community engagement as key to improving waste management systems. The study concludes that strengthening legal enforcement, enhancing waste treatment infrastructure, and promoting public participation are essential for sustainable waste management in Bien Hoa. The results provide valuable recommendations for policymakers and urban planners in developing effective waste management strategies