THE ROLE OF BUDDHISM IN THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE; [O PAPEL DO BUDISMO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIAL DO VIETNÃ: PASSADO, PRESENTE E FUTURO]; [EL PAPEL DEL BUDISMO EN EL DESARROLLO SOCIAL DE VIETNAM: PASADO, PRESENTE Y FUTURO]

Abstract

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the role of Vietnamese Buddhism during the Ly and Tran dynasties in shaping the prosperous and peaceful society of Dai Viet, alongside the Vietnamese people during the 30 years of national liberation (1945-1975). Methods: The article utilizes various research methods, including analysis, synthesis, inductive and deductive approaches, as well as comparative and contrastive methods. The historical method is employed to explore Buddhism's role during the Ly-Tran period and its contemporary impact on Vietnam. This approach provides an objective assessment of Buddhism's historical significance. The logical method is used to analyze socio-political issues, highlighting Buddhism's integration and humanitarian values throughout Vietnam's history. The data in this article is synthesized from books, articles, and websites published and released between 1942 and 2023. Results and Discussion: Research findings indicate that during the Ly-Tran dynasties, Buddhism flourished and held the status of the state religion, shaping the nation's political orientation and emphasizing the spirit of national unity to safeguard independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. Throughout Vietnam's national liberation struggle (1945-1975), Buddhism maintained a patriotic spirit, standing alongside the people to acquire and retain political power, achieve peace, and unify the country. Since the initiation of Doi Moi (Renovation) in 1986, Buddhism has continued to adapt, leveraging its patriotic tradition, promoting devotion, and actively participating in international integration to strengthen the prosperous Vietnamese nation. Implications of the Research: The research highlights the significant role of Buddhism in Vietnamese society across history and into the present. Initially established as the national religion during the Ly-Tran dynasties, Buddhism has been integral in fostering national unity and promoting patriotic values. It has endured through challenging times, including wars and external threats, continuing to uphold its teachings and engage in social and charitable activities. Originality/Value: Throughout Vietnamese history, Buddhism has played a significant role alongside indigenous religions and beliefs in defending the nation and ensuring the well-being of its people. From the Dynasties of Dinh, Early Le, Ly, and Tran to the struggles for political power, national liberation, and the construction and defense of the socialist Vietnamese homeland, Buddhist monks, nuns, ascetics, and practitioners have consistently upheld virtue and morality, playing pivotal roles in assisting both the people and the country.