Applying the sponge city concept in urban hybrid garden design: Flood mitigation and sustainable development solutions for Thanh Da – the gem of Ho Chi Minh City and Thu Duc City

Abstract

Urban flooding presents a critical challenge worldwide, with Vietnam facing severe impacts exacerbated by rapid urbanization. Traditional spatial planning and flood mitigation approaches have struggled to address these risks effectively. In response, innovative strategies are required to integrate sustainable design principles and community participation into urban planning processes. This research focuses on adapting the Sponge City Concept to design flood-resilient urban spaces in Thanh Da,Ho Chi Minh City, while promoting sustainable urban development. The study addresses the pressing need for localized frameworks that improve stormwater management,enhance flood resilience, and align with ecological goals. Previous research highlights the potential of the Sponge City Concept and the value ofintegrating local knowledge in flood management.However, applying these principles to rapidly urbanizing areas remains underexplored. This study bridges that gap,contributing a scalable model tailored to Thanh Da’s unique challenges. Using GIS spatial analysis, case studies, and design strategies, the research proposes a framework with three functional zones. The Urban-Garden Zone incorporates rain gardens, permeable pavements, and retention ponds to improve stormwater absorption. The Dyke Area employs protective dikes with natural water retention zones to safeguard residential areas while preserving the Saigon River's flow. The Garden-Settlement Zone develops climate-adaptive residential spaces with integrated green infrastructure and decentralized rainwater collection. Following the absorb–store–slow–release principles of Sponge Cities, the proposed model reduces urban flooding, mitigates heat islands, and preserves biodiversity.This localized framework offers a replicable, scalable solution for Thanh Da and other flood-prone cities, contributing to global urban resilience efforts